ISSN: 3048-7250 
Anil Kumar, Dept. of Energy and Environment, MGCGV, Chitrakoot, Satna MP. 485334
Email: anilkumar951917@gmail.com
Abstract:
River water pollution is a growing environmental concern that poses significant threats to ecosystems, human health, and local economies. The contamination of river systems occurs due to the influx of industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, domestic sewage, and various other pollutants. As rivers serve as vital sources of drinking water, irrigation, and transportation, effective treatment methods are essential to mitigate pollution and ensure water quality. This paper provides an overview of various treatment approaches for river water pollution, emphasizing physical, chemical, and biological methods.
Physical treatment techniques, such as sedimentation, filtration, and adsorption, help remove suspended solids and particulate matter from contaminated water. These methods are often used in combination with other techniques to enhance the efficiency of purification. Chemical treatment methods, including coagulation, flocculation, and chemical oxidation, are employed to neutralize toxic substances and break down pollutants at the molecular level. Additionally, advanced technologies like activated carbon filtration and membrane filtration systems have gained popularity due to their ability to remove trace contaminants effectively.
Biological treatment, involving the use of microorganisms to break down organic pollutants, is considered one of the most sustainable approaches. Natural processes such as phytoremediation and bioaugmentation are being explored for their potential to restore river ecosystems. Moreover, integrated treatment systems, which combine different methods, have shown to offer more comprehensive solutions to complex pollution scenarios.
Despite the effectiveness of these treatment methods, challenges remain in addressing the vast and diverse nature of river pollution. Effective pollution control strategies must focus on prevention, treatment innovation, and long-term monitoring to safeguard water quality.